GPSR for ceramics, mugs and tableware: food contact rules explained
Handmade ceramics that touch food or drink fall under food contact material rules as well as GPSR. Glazes are the main issue.
The food-contact layer
- Regulation (EC) 1935/2004: food-contact items must not transfer substances into food in harmful amounts.
- Directive 84/500/EEC (ceramics): limits on lead and cadmium release from the food-contact surface, with a Declaration of Compliance. The EU has agreed stricter limits, so check the current values.
- Good manufacturing practice (Regulation 2023/2006): consistent materials and a recorded firing process.
Practical steps: use glazes the supplier specifies as food-safe at your firing temperature, keep their documentation, and test a sample from each glaze/clay combination at a lab (lead/cadmium migration tests are usually affordable).
GPSR hazards to cover
- Chemical migration from glazes or decorations, including lustres and decals, which are often not food-safe.
- Cracking from thermal shock (dishwasher, microwave, oven).
- Sharp chips and cuts.
- Hot liquids and handle failure on mugs.
Labels and warnings
Use clear use instructions in each market's language: microwave/dishwasher suitability, "not for food use" for decorative pieces, and care advice. Add a batch number and your maker details.
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